Fair. I was trying to convey self hosted benefits without the downside of hosting your own MTA. I was also really in my head on the niche and assumed everyone else would get it from the snappy title. Not my intent to mislead.
Personally, I have used nullmailer in the past to provide a sendmail compatible local install that immediately forwards email to the SMTP server of my choice. Has worked flawlessly.
Obviously, that doesn't come with HTML form support, but then I am also not sure I would like the same binary to handle both a HTTP(S) endpoint and email submission :)
Nullmailer's a good call for a single-app use case. It's basically what I was doing.
Posthorn ended up the way it did because I had three different things all hitting Resend at the same time: a contact form, a couple of apps that only had SMTP email support and some scripts I wanted to email results from. I didn't want to have to maintain three different things doing functionally the same routing. Putting them in one binary helped me consolidate credentials and logs.
You're not wrong about the split though, I thought about breaking the two out. I'd originally written the http form handler as a caddy module (which I called caddy-formward to be cute) but ultimately I went the other way because the code after the ingress is the same regardless of how you come into the service and I didn't want to rewrite all that logic.
Have you encountered a similar issue with multiple apps where nullmailer hasn't been enough? Curious how you handled it if so.
My current plans are for Posthorn to stay focused on email. There's enough work here that I think it justifies a dedicated tool.
I have some v2 roadmap ideas for things like multiple outputs per endpoint so that a contact form submission can fire both an email and a webhook in the same call to support things like form -> email + slack or script triggers an email + pager duty alert.
That's complimentary to the email though, not something I had planned to build out as a stand alone use case. I'd be interested in hearing how that would be useful for you though!
We've chosen Apprise just for the big number of services supported, actually at the moment we only use email and telegram as notification output channels.
Apprise does not accept SMTP protocol as input, so you're bound exclusively to API, binary exec or third party integrations.
I think Posthorn could fill a gap if it will integrate the possibility to send a webhook (alongside/instead of email).
I really want to try this, but I'm afraid my DNS will be blacklisted if I do. Can someone guide me and others, if this is the case? E-Mail is the most complex of everything I know in sysadmin/DNS/Server stuff.
My current provider since almost two decades without any issues, except speed and storage limitations is all-inkl.com, but I really just use it for email and nothing else, therefore most likely overpriced at ~6€/month.
I would love to switch to some VPS/root or anything where I can SSH and install, compile my own services, but something where security is high and support is 24/7 available.
1) Posthorn doesn't host email - no inbox, no IMAP so it doesn't replace what it sounds like all-inkl is doing for you. All it does is take the outgoing messages from any of your hosted/local apps and take care of the plumbing of handing them off to a transactional provider (like Resend or Postmark). Those servers are the ones sending the mail, using their IPs and their sending reputation. Any blacklist concern is really tied to your sending domain and not a new risk from Posthorn. Just the same setup you'd do if you were calling something like Resend directly. If you're following their guidelines, you'll be fine.
2) On the VPS side, if your goal is to be able to ssh in, install some stuff and run your own services, something like Hetzner is a well regarded EU centric option with solid technical support baked in. Security is mostly on you and down to what you install and how you configure it. That can be a huge learning curve and a whole other kettle of fish, definitely not without risk.
> something where security is high and support is 24/7 available
You are not going to get great 24/7 support inside anything like €6/month (though many may promise it!), so that service may not be as overpriced as you think.
Another thing to consider is that many VPS providers have “dirty” IP ranges so you will have trouble with getting your mail delivered. A common solution to this is to use a mail delivery service (like mailgun, mxroute, and many others) so your mail comes from a managed “clean” source and has less chance of summarily being declared spam just from the source address alone (these services also reduce the need to think about spf/dkim/etc and keep an eye out on changes that may happen in that realm). Essentially by self-hosting a service like this, you are taking back the admin of managing all that so you have to ask yourself if it is worth saving a few € per month, and consider what you might lose if something goes wrong and all your mail starts bouncing.
> switch to some VPS/root or anything where I can SSH and install, compile my own services
Be wary of most really inexpensive options here. In most cases you will experience performance degradation (at random times, or just almost always) and other issues due to noisy neighbours on oversold infrastructure.
> I really want to try this, but I'm afraid my DNS will be blacklisted if I do.
The best (but unfortunately time-consuming) way to get comfortable with this is probably to register a sacrificial domain and set it all up for that domain on hosts not associated with your domains that normally send mail. Play with it, break it, fix it, break it again, etc., until you feel confident you aren't going to screw yourself by trusting your own admin of all this on a domain that actually matters.
> would love to switch to some VPS/root or anything where I can SSH and install, compile my own services, but something where security is high and support is 24/7 available.
Those sound like expensive requirements to me. You want managed self hosted email? Some else providing support will be expensive.
Any UNIX-derived operating system has some kind of command-line utility for sending email messages (named mailx or mail or Mail).
I do not remember if I have ever used the GNU mail program that is available on Linux, but my e-mail server is hosted on FreeBSD, so I have used very frequently the FreeBSD CLI utility to send e-mail messages from scripts.
Moreover, all FreeBSD servers come configured by default to send automatically a variety of e-mail reports to the administrator, to inform about incidents or statistics, so there are a lot of examples of usage from scripts.
Yes I know I am using it. I just think API, built-in API should be standard. Creating separate mailbox for each self hosted service I am running and testing it and making sure it is using TLS instead of STARTTLS or other way around and fixing user name because some services send using domain and some not, and setting correct port because 465 did not work even if it should be using SSL... It is so much hussle. Maybe it was fun when I was doing PHP forms 20 years ago but not now. Now I want to have just API with /mail/send and API key and forget about all of that.
Personal mail is the one case I think where hosting your own MTA still makes sense when you want to own the addresses and the data. You still have to solve for deliverability, which is something I hope to never have to do.
Posthorn is built for the opposite end of that, you've already decided you want to use a transactional provider for app mail and you just want to stop having to deal with wiring it into all of the things. Obviously for a big production app you build your own mail service, but for gluing together a bunch of different apps you're self hosting, I think this makes sense and addresses a real issue.
If you want an API piece to augment what you already have, Posthorn might still be useful regardless of how the rest of your mail is set up. A Posthorn JSON endpoint is just a POST with Bearer auth and an idempotency key. Example from my docs:
> […]You still have to solve for deliverability, which is something I hope to never have to do. […]
This is the exact case where I'd be really afraid of running it on my own and this I VERY STRONGLY BELIEVE should NOT be the case. Participating in email should be easy.
Nice. Sounds like a neat way to get the best of all worlds. Self hosted email without exposing your IP, leverage a third party with an existing trusted send reputation but still maintain full ownership of the stack.
How much effort has it been to keep it running? Glad that it works for you!
Correct, but not all apps can talk directly to an HTTPS API. Ghost, Gitea, Mastodon, NextCloud, Authentik, Matrix to name a few all only have built in SMTP support. Posthorn listens for that connection from those apps locally and translates it into whatever your transactional mail provider needs.
If all the apps you're running can already integrate via HTTPS API, Posthorn doesn't solve anything for you in that case, unless the unified credential, single retry policy and logging meaningfully simplifies things for you.
And honestly, SES was the easiest integration for me to write (even if it ended up being the most LOC), their documentation, examples and error responses gave me a really easy time setting it up. Additionally, because it does need such a verbose implementation SES ends up being a great case study for Posthorn and not needing to maintain the same 200 line signing routine in multiple different places.
The more SaaS applications that self-host email the better. It forces the big guys, ie Microsoft, to improve their blocklists and not lazily block entire ranges. Yes its work contacting them occasionally, but it keeps the internet open. The alternative is an internet where they control it all.
Fair. Don't disagree with anything you're saying here.
I should probably tighten up that line. What I really meant to say is that the average self-hoster who just wants to enable a few services to send email doesn't want to run a mail server. Different audiences, different (and both correct) answers.
I set out to solve some pretty specific problems of my own but I'm genuinely curious how others have tackled these things. Posthorn and Postal don't compete in my head. Postal makes you into your own provider, which is something I personally deeply want to avoid. Posthorn assumes you've already picked a provider (which might be Postal, actually, it would work just fine pointed at a self-hosted Postal instance).
> the average self-hoster who just wants to enable a few services to send email doesn't want to run a mail server
Maybe I'm confused, maybe the label "self-hoster" is broader than the definition in my mind, but that's exactly what self-hosters want to do, that's why we call ourselves self-hosters, we want to host the stuff we use ourselves :)
If I just wanted to "enable a few services" I'd use AWS or whatever the modern alternatives are.
I think you are confused. I self-host a ton of stuff. One thing I have zero interest in is hosting mail and dealing with all of the configuration and possible timebombs waiting before I can even do the single thing I want the service to do. Instead I pay like $5/month for essentially unlimited emails from any domain I control.
That said, none of it has to do with my own personal email, which has been on Gmail for long enough to drink, so we are probably talking about two different situations.
I think the label "self-hoster" might be overly broad in these sort of discussions. Some people considering firing up a VPS and running something like Posthorn "self-hosting" email, just like a bunch of "modern" AI tooling says "local-first" because the CLI runs locally, although all LLM models are remotely called.
Seems to me like there a broad spectrum of "self-hosters", ranging from "I run everything on my hardware in my home" to "I deploy FOSS SaaS software to AWS for us to run", probably neither of these are more/less "self-hosting" than the other.
Damnit, sunk by the T.S. Eliot thing again: “It is impossible to say just what I mean”. I host a bunch of services on a handful of machines locally. The main one of which died two weeks ago and is waiting on a new SSD drive so we can properly test whether the Anible playbook Claude put together for me will spin nine or ten services right back up or whether it’s going to be perfected for the third time I have to build the machine.
> If I just wanted to enable a few services I'd use AWS or whatever
But then you'd be using AWS for those services too.
I think there's a meaningful gap between folks who are willing and able to self host their own applications but have decided that running their own MTA is a separate and much harder commitment. Different line, but still self-hosting in any reasonable read of the term. I've been on both sides of that line at one point, I'm trying to avoid going back. :)
> But then you'd be using AWS for those services too.
Yes, so obviously as a self-hoster, that's a no-go. Hence not wanting "to enable a few services", it'd go directly counter to the initial objectives.
But yeah, I hear and agree that there is a spectrum here, self-hosting some parts while relying on others can be a good balance, especially if you have other requirements to consider, like time or resource investments, it's not a black & white decision you should make without careful considerations.
If the self hosters runs a mail server it can receive their transactional emails to themselves and they don't even need to care about delivery to gmail
Security is the main worry when hosting email servers, not just of the email service, but also in preventing attacks via email. Antivirus integration is available with Postal. May be it is a good idea to chain multiple antivirus solutions. Instead of just expecting that Google or Microsoft would prevent malicious email, Postal may enable better control and transparency.
Does postal still use outdated rails?
That's the biggest issue I have with this project as a exposed web service and mail server is for me high risk especially with outdated software.
Confusing title, "self-hosted mail" and "self-hosted email gateway" are two quite different things :-/
Fair. I was trying to convey self hosted benefits without the downside of hosting your own MTA. I was also really in my head on the niche and assumed everyone else would get it from the snappy title. Not my intent to mislead.
The title is inaccurate. Its a self-hosted transactional email gateway, not self hosted email
An interesting combination of features.
Personally, I have used nullmailer in the past to provide a sendmail compatible local install that immediately forwards email to the SMTP server of my choice. Has worked flawlessly.
Obviously, that doesn't come with HTML form support, but then I am also not sure I would like the same binary to handle both a HTTP(S) endpoint and email submission :)
Nullmailer's a good call for a single-app use case. It's basically what I was doing.
Posthorn ended up the way it did because I had three different things all hitting Resend at the same time: a contact form, a couple of apps that only had SMTP email support and some scripts I wanted to email results from. I didn't want to have to maintain three different things doing functionally the same routing. Putting them in one binary helped me consolidate credentials and logs.
You're not wrong about the split though, I thought about breaking the two out. I'd originally written the http form handler as a caddy module (which I called caddy-formward to be cute) but ultimately I went the other way because the code after the ingress is the same regardless of how you come into the service and I didn't want to rewrite all that logic.
Have you encountered a similar issue with multiple apps where nullmailer hasn't been enough? Curious how you handled it if so.
Nice project, nice initial subset of options.
At work I'm using Apprise (https://appriseit.com/) to deliver notifications.
Are you planning to add more services or to limit Posthorn to emails?
Haven't used Apprise, but it looks interesting!
My current plans are for Posthorn to stay focused on email. There's enough work here that I think it justifies a dedicated tool.
I have some v2 roadmap ideas for things like multiple outputs per endpoint so that a contact form submission can fire both an email and a webhook in the same call to support things like form -> email + slack or script triggers an email + pager duty alert.
That's complimentary to the email though, not something I had planned to build out as a stand alone use case. I'd be interested in hearing how that would be useful for you though!
We've chosen Apprise just for the big number of services supported, actually at the moment we only use email and telegram as notification output channels.
Apprise does not accept SMTP protocol as input, so you're bound exclusively to API, binary exec or third party integrations.
I think Posthorn could fill a gap if it will integrate the possibility to send a webhook (alongside/instead of email).
I really want to try this, but I'm afraid my DNS will be blacklisted if I do. Can someone guide me and others, if this is the case? E-Mail is the most complex of everything I know in sysadmin/DNS/Server stuff.
My current provider since almost two decades without any issues, except speed and storage limitations is all-inkl.com, but I really just use it for email and nothing else, therefore most likely overpriced at ~6€/month.
I would love to switch to some VPS/root or anything where I can SSH and install, compile my own services, but something where security is high and support is 24/7 available.
Two things to unpack here:
1) Posthorn doesn't host email - no inbox, no IMAP so it doesn't replace what it sounds like all-inkl is doing for you. All it does is take the outgoing messages from any of your hosted/local apps and take care of the plumbing of handing them off to a transactional provider (like Resend or Postmark). Those servers are the ones sending the mail, using their IPs and their sending reputation. Any blacklist concern is really tied to your sending domain and not a new risk from Posthorn. Just the same setup you'd do if you were calling something like Resend directly. If you're following their guidelines, you'll be fine.
2) On the VPS side, if your goal is to be able to ssh in, install some stuff and run your own services, something like Hetzner is a well regarded EU centric option with solid technical support baked in. Security is mostly on you and down to what you install and how you configure it. That can be a huge learning curve and a whole other kettle of fish, definitely not without risk.
> therefore most likely overpriced at ~6€/month
> something where security is high and support is 24/7 available
You are not going to get great 24/7 support inside anything like €6/month (though many may promise it!), so that service may not be as overpriced as you think.
Another thing to consider is that many VPS providers have “dirty” IP ranges so you will have trouble with getting your mail delivered. A common solution to this is to use a mail delivery service (like mailgun, mxroute, and many others) so your mail comes from a managed “clean” source and has less chance of summarily being declared spam just from the source address alone (these services also reduce the need to think about spf/dkim/etc and keep an eye out on changes that may happen in that realm). Essentially by self-hosting a service like this, you are taking back the admin of managing all that so you have to ask yourself if it is worth saving a few € per month, and consider what you might lose if something goes wrong and all your mail starts bouncing.
> switch to some VPS/root or anything where I can SSH and install, compile my own services
Be wary of most really inexpensive options here. In most cases you will experience performance degradation (at random times, or just almost always) and other issues due to noisy neighbours on oversold infrastructure.
> I really want to try this, but I'm afraid my DNS will be blacklisted if I do.
The best (but unfortunately time-consuming) way to get comfortable with this is probably to register a sacrificial domain and set it all up for that domain on hosts not associated with your domains that normally send mail. Play with it, break it, fix it, break it again, etc., until you feel confident you aren't going to screw yourself by trusting your own admin of all this on a domain that actually matters.
A VPS will not be cheaper - but you may get more for your money (more storage, unlimited accounts).
For something simple try https://mailinabox.email/
> would love to switch to some VPS/root or anything where I can SSH and install, compile my own services, but something where security is high and support is 24/7 available.
Those sound like expensive requirements to me. You want managed self hosted email? Some else providing support will be expensive.
> Nobody wants to self host email server.
I do. Though I am self hosting it to have my personal email, being well... personal. Not for my company so maybe I am not the target.
Interesting project though. I always felt missing API to just send emails from some script in my mail server.
Any UNIX-derived operating system has some kind of command-line utility for sending email messages (named mailx or mail or Mail).
I do not remember if I have ever used the GNU mail program that is available on Linux, but my e-mail server is hosted on FreeBSD, so I have used very frequently the FreeBSD CLI utility to send e-mail messages from scripts.
Moreover, all FreeBSD servers come configured by default to send automatically a variety of e-mail reports to the administrator, to inform about incidents or statistics, so there are a lot of examples of usage from scripts.
Yes I know I am using it. I just think API, built-in API should be standard. Creating separate mailbox for each self hosted service I am running and testing it and making sure it is using TLS instead of STARTTLS or other way around and fixing user name because some services send using domain and some not, and setting correct port because 465 did not work even if it should be using SSL... It is so much hussle. Maybe it was fun when I was doing PHP forms 20 years ago but not now. Now I want to have just API with /mail/send and API key and forget about all of that.
Personal mail is the one case I think where hosting your own MTA still makes sense when you want to own the addresses and the data. You still have to solve for deliverability, which is something I hope to never have to do.
Posthorn is built for the opposite end of that, you've already decided you want to use a transactional provider for app mail and you just want to stop having to deal with wiring it into all of the things. Obviously for a big production app you build your own mail service, but for gluing together a bunch of different apps you're self hosting, I think this makes sense and addresses a real issue.
If you want an API piece to augment what you already have, Posthorn might still be useful regardless of how the rest of your mail is set up. A Posthorn JSON endpoint is just a POST with Bearer auth and an idempotency key. Example from my docs:
curl -X POST https://posthorn.yourdomain.com/api/transactional \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $WORKER_KEY_PRIMARY" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -H "Idempotency-Key: reset:user-123:$(date -u +%FT%H)" \ --data '{ "to_override": "bob@example.com", "subject_line": "Reset your password", "message": "Click here: https://app.example.com/reset/abc" }'
Could run alongside your existing mail server. It's a small enough overhead that the juice might be worth the squeeze.
> […]You still have to solve for deliverability, which is something I hope to never have to do. […]
This is the exact case where I'd be really afraid of running it on my own and this I VERY STRONGLY BELIEVE should NOT be the case. Participating in email should be easy.
I am running a local mail server using cloudflared tunnels and brevo for sending
postfix/sendmail/dovecot/ingress setup
I am really happy with the setup. (So far)
Nice. Sounds like a neat way to get the best of all worlds. Self hosted email without exposing your IP, leverage a third party with an existing trusted send reputation but still maintain full ownership of the stack.
How much effort has it been to keep it running? Glad that it works for you!
It has been running for about 20 days, have a small companies email and web site running locally.
Would like to publish the setup so others can try it out as well.
A fun thing was to route local domain emails locally so they never have to leave the server.
Very little maintenance so far, mustn't speak to soon though.
Is Posthorn a reference to W.A.S.T.E.?
Not OP but I read it as reference to just https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_horn
I initially read it as "Host Porn"
Not intentionally, but TIL that this turned into an apt reference. The pynchon connection is excellent.
My (intentional) reference was to the older mail courier horn.
"Not a mail server"... supports SMTP in and out
haha
Don't services like SES already operate over 443/TLS and aren't blocked?
Correct, but not all apps can talk directly to an HTTPS API. Ghost, Gitea, Mastodon, NextCloud, Authentik, Matrix to name a few all only have built in SMTP support. Posthorn listens for that connection from those apps locally and translates it into whatever your transactional mail provider needs.
If all the apps you're running can already integrate via HTTPS API, Posthorn doesn't solve anything for you in that case, unless the unified credential, single retry policy and logging meaningfully simplifies things for you.
And honestly, SES was the easiest integration for me to write (even if it ended up being the most LOC), their documentation, examples and error responses gave me a really easy time setting it up. Additionally, because it does need such a verbose implementation SES ends up being a great case study for Posthorn and not needing to maintain the same 200 line signing routine in multiple different places.
email.riamu.io comes to mind
> Nobody wants to run a mail server in 2026.
We do, and thats why we use Postal [1].
The more SaaS applications that self-host email the better. It forces the big guys, ie Microsoft, to improve their blocklists and not lazily block entire ranges. Yes its work contacting them occasionally, but it keeps the internet open. The alternative is an internet where they control it all.
1. https://docs.postalserver.io/
Fair. Don't disagree with anything you're saying here.
I should probably tighten up that line. What I really meant to say is that the average self-hoster who just wants to enable a few services to send email doesn't want to run a mail server. Different audiences, different (and both correct) answers.
I set out to solve some pretty specific problems of my own but I'm genuinely curious how others have tackled these things. Posthorn and Postal don't compete in my head. Postal makes you into your own provider, which is something I personally deeply want to avoid. Posthorn assumes you've already picked a provider (which might be Postal, actually, it would work just fine pointed at a self-hosted Postal instance).
> the average self-hoster who just wants to enable a few services to send email doesn't want to run a mail server
Maybe I'm confused, maybe the label "self-hoster" is broader than the definition in my mind, but that's exactly what self-hosters want to do, that's why we call ourselves self-hosters, we want to host the stuff we use ourselves :)
If I just wanted to "enable a few services" I'd use AWS or whatever the modern alternatives are.
I think you are confused. I self-host a ton of stuff. One thing I have zero interest in is hosting mail and dealing with all of the configuration and possible timebombs waiting before I can even do the single thing I want the service to do. Instead I pay like $5/month for essentially unlimited emails from any domain I control.
That said, none of it has to do with my own personal email, which has been on Gmail for long enough to drink, so we are probably talking about two different situations.
I think the label "self-hoster" might be overly broad in these sort of discussions. Some people considering firing up a VPS and running something like Posthorn "self-hosting" email, just like a bunch of "modern" AI tooling says "local-first" because the CLI runs locally, although all LLM models are remotely called.
Seems to me like there a broad spectrum of "self-hosters", ranging from "I run everything on my hardware in my home" to "I deploy FOSS SaaS software to AWS for us to run", probably neither of these are more/less "self-hosting" than the other.
Damnit, sunk by the T.S. Eliot thing again: “It is impossible to say just what I mean”. I host a bunch of services on a handful of machines locally. The main one of which died two weeks ago and is waiting on a new SSD drive so we can properly test whether the Anible playbook Claude put together for me will spin nine or ten services right back up or whether it’s going to be perfected for the third time I have to build the machine.
> If I just wanted to enable a few services I'd use AWS or whatever
But then you'd be using AWS for those services too.
I think there's a meaningful gap between folks who are willing and able to self host their own applications but have decided that running their own MTA is a separate and much harder commitment. Different line, but still self-hosting in any reasonable read of the term. I've been on both sides of that line at one point, I'm trying to avoid going back. :)
> But then you'd be using AWS for those services too.
Yes, so obviously as a self-hoster, that's a no-go. Hence not wanting "to enable a few services", it'd go directly counter to the initial objectives.
But yeah, I hear and agree that there is a spectrum here, self-hosting some parts while relying on others can be a good balance, especially if you have other requirements to consider, like time or resource investments, it's not a black & white decision you should make without careful considerations.
> but that's exactly what self-hosters want to do
Only a sith self-hosters want to self-host absolutely everything.
Yeah, agree :) More nuanced update: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48292226
If the self hosters runs a mail server it can receive their transactional emails to themselves and they don't even need to care about delivery to gmail
Can't agree more. Thank you for standing up! I'm doing it for 20yrs (currently with mail-in-a-box) and only wish more people were doing it.
Security is the main worry when hosting email servers, not just of the email service, but also in preventing attacks via email. Antivirus integration is available with Postal. May be it is a good idea to chain multiple antivirus solutions. Instead of just expecting that Google or Microsoft would prevent malicious email, Postal may enable better control and transparency.
Does postal still use outdated rails? That's the biggest issue I have with this project as a exposed web service and mail server is for me high risk especially with outdated software.
They seem to be on 7.2, which will get security patches until August this year:
https://github.com/postalserver/postal/blob/8ef89606bc34146f...
https://rubyonrails.org/maintenance
Not great, but better than 6.x.
The links shows: gem "rails", "= 7.1.5.2"
I don't know rails well, but that sounds like 7.1 (that is unsupported) and not 7.2?